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Saturday, April 30, 2016

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LAB QUESTIONS - INDIRECT QUESTIONS

1.       
a.       Three samples are given to you. You have to determine the hydrogen ion concentration and express the values as a standard parameter. This has to be done by two different methods and values have to be compared. Give your comments about the samples whether it is as per IS 10500 – 1991 for this particular parameter. Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference.

b.      How can you find out the optimum dose of alum to be added to remove turbidity of a water body? Write the aim, apparatus, procedure and environmental significance. Diagrammatically represent the expected behaviour of various doses on alum on the turbidity of the water.
2.      Determine the acid neutralizing capacity of the given sample of solution. Express it as per standard unit. Does the sample fit the standard for this parameter given by Indian Standards? Give your comments. Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference.
3. A sample is given to you which is referred to have a problem of not producing lather with soap. You have to conduct an experiment to prove the validity of this statement and give your comments. Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference.
4.    A sample of water is found to have a salty taste due to presence of common salt. Determine its concentration in the solution. Is this concentration allowable as per IS 10500 – 1991? Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference
5.  A water body was found to have fishes dead in a particular area. It was found that a industry is disposing waste in this area with high BOD. What parameter would be low/high to cause this issue? Determine the concentration of this particular parameter? Does it come in the limit required in any water body? Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference. 
6. Anaerobic reaction of organic material generates various gases out of which one has rotten egg smell. Which gas is it? How can you determine if given sample has same anion of this gas? Does the concentration of the same exceed the Indian standard limits? Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference. 
7.  Three samples are given to you. You have to determine the hydrogen ion concentration and express the values as a standard parameter. This has to be done by two different methods and values have to be compared. Give your comments about the samples whether it is as per IS 10500 – 1991 for this particular parameter.
b.      When solids are mixed with water, it will exist in the solution in different forms. Write the aim, apparatus/ equipments and procedure to find the three main classes of solids in water. Write the environmental significance and your inference about the sample.


Tuesday, April 26, 2016

Environmental Engineering lab exam questions

Prepared by:
Prem Mohan
Guest Lecturer, College of Engineering Pathanapuram (CAPE), Kerala, India


1.      Determine the pH of given sample of solution. Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference. Write the aim, apparatus, procedure and environmental significance to find total solids, dissolved solids and suspended solids of sample of water.

2.    Determine the alkalinity of given sample of solution. Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference.

3.      Determine the hardness of the given sample of solution. Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference.

4.      Determine the sulphide concentration of the given sample of solution. Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference.


5.      Determine the chloride concentration of the given sample of solution. Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference.

  
6.      Determine the dissolved oxygen content of the given sample of solution. Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference.


7.      Determine the pH of given sample of solution. Write aim, apparatus/reagent, procedure, observation table, calculations, result, environmental significance and inference. Write the aim, apparatus, procedure and environmental significance to find optimum coagulant dose of sample of water.

CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP (for branches other than CE) : SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER

KTU CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER [10 SETS]

Prepared by:
Prem Mohan
Guest Lecturer, College of Engineering Pathanapuram (CAPE)

KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CE 110 - CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP EXAM APRIL 2016
TIME: 3 hrs                                                                                                     MARKS: 50
QUESTION PAPER SET – 1

1.      Set out a building using tape of a room of internal dimension 3m X 3m and wall thickness 30 cm. Write aim, equipments, procedure, diagram and result.




KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CE 110 - CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP APRIL 2016
TIME: 3 hrs                                                                                                     MARKS: 50
QUESTION PAPER SET – 2

1.      Set out a building using tape and cross staff of a room of internal dimension 4m X 3m and wall thickness 40 cm. Write aim, equipments, procedure, diagram and result.




KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CE 110 - CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP APRIL 2016
TIME: 3 hrs                                                                                                     MARKS: 50
QUESTION PAPER SET – 3

1.      Calculate plinth area and carpet area of given room by taking linear measurements. Draw the rough sketch of the room and write aim, equipments, procedure, calculations, observation table, and result.
2.      Write definition of plinth area and carpet area.



KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CE 110 - CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP APRIL 2016
TIME: 3 hrs                                                                                                     MARKS: 50
QUESTION PAPER SET – 4

1.     Compute the area and/or volume of various features of a room of building such as door and window size, number of bricks required to construct a wall of a building, diameter of bars used in windows, wood required for doors and other materials used in construction etc. Write the aim, equipments, procedure, observation tables, calculations, result and diagram.



KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CE 110 - CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP APRIL 2016
TIME: 3 hrs                                                                                                     MARKS: 50
QUESTION PAPER SET – 5

1.      Construct a wall of 1 brick wall English bond of height 500mm (no mortar required) corner portion with length of side walls at least 600mm. Write aim, equipments, procedure, figure, result.
2.      Find the moment of inertia of the following I steel section.





KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CE 110 - CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP APRIL 2016
TIME: 3 hrs                                                                                                     MARKS: 50
QUESTION PAPER SET – 6

1.      Find the area of an irregular polygon set out on the field. Write aim, equipments, procedure, figure, observation table, calculations and result.
2.      Write procedure to construct a 1 brick English bond of height 400mm corner portion


KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CE 110 - CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP APRIL 2016
TIME: 3 hrs                                                                                                     MARKS: 50
QUESTION PAPER SET – 7

1.      Find the level difference between two points on the ground using dumpy level. Use height of instrument method. Take reduced level of bench mark as 150m.
2.       Find the moment of inertia of the following angle steel section.


KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CE 110 - CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP APRIL 2016
TIME: 3 hrs                                                                                                     MARKS: 50
QUESTION PAPER SET – 8

1.       Compute the moment of inertia of the given I section. Draw the labeled figure and write aim, equipments, procedure, observation table, calculations and result.
2.       Write procedure to find area of a polygon set out on field.




KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CE 110 - CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP APRIL 2016
TIME: 3 hrs                                                                                                     MARKS: 50
QUESTION PAPER SET – 9

1.       Compute the moment of inertia of the given T section. Draw the labeled figure and write aim, equipments, procedure, observation table, calculations and result.
2.       Write procedure to find vertical difference between 2 points using dumpy level. Draw the table used for calculation. Use height of instrument method.


KERALA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
CE 110 - CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP APRIL 2016
TIME: 3 hrs                                                                                                     MARKS: 50
QUESTION PAPER SET – 10

1.       Compute the moment of inertia of the given angle section. Draw the labeled figure and write aim, equipments, procedure, observation table, calculations and result.

2.       Write procedure to find vertical difference between 2 points using dumpy level. Draw the table used for calculation. Use height of instrument method.

Monday, April 11, 2016

Updated Internal marks - S8 ELECTIVE (IWE&M)

Roll no.    Marks
   3     -----  
 30
   6
     -----   30
   9     -----   30 
  14   -----    40
  20   -----    30
  21   -----    30 
  25   -----    30
  26
   -----    30
  34   -----    40
  38   -----    34 
  41   -----    35
  52   -----    49
  55   -----    30
  56   -----    
30


I wish all of you come out with flying colours in your life. Wishing you all the best. Keep in touch. Take care.

Sunday, April 10, 2016

LIGHT POLLUTION


Light pollution, also known as photopollution or luminous pollution, is excessive, misdirected or obtrusive artificial light. Light pollution is a broad term that refers to multiple problems, all of which are caused by inefficient, unappealing, or (arguably) unnecessary use of artificial light. Specific categories of light pollution include light trespass, over-illumination, glare, light clutter, and skyglow. Light trespass occurs when unwanted light enters one's property, for instance, by shining over a neighbor's fence. A common light trespass problem occurs when a strong light enters the window of one's home from the outside, causing problems such as sleep deprivation. Over-illumination is the excessive use of light. Specifically within the United States, over-illumination is responsible for approximately two million barrels of oil per day in energy wasted. Glare from unshielded lighting is a public-health hazard - especially the older you become. Glare light scattering in the eye causes loss of contrast, sometimes blinds you temporarily and leads to unsafe driving conditions, for instance.
Light clutter refers to excessive groupings of lights. Groupings of lights may generate confusion, distract from obstacles (including those that they may be intended to illuminate), and potentially cause accidents. Clutter is particularly noticeable on roads where the street lights are badly designed, or where brightly lit advertising surrounds the roadways. Skyglow refers to the glow effect that can be seen over populated areas. It is the combination of all light reflected from what it has illuminated escaping up into the sky and from all of the badly directed light in that area that also escapes into the sky being scattered (redirected) by the atmosphere back toward the ground.
A single offending light source often falls into more than one of these categories. Adverse consequences are multiple; some of them may not be known yet. Scientific definitions thus include:
  • Degradation of photic habitat by artificial light.
  • Alteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment owing to artificial light sources.
  • Light pollution is the alteration of light levels in the outdoor environment (from those present naturally) due to man-made sources of light. Indoor light pollution is such alteration of light levels in the indoor environment due to sources of light, which compromises human health.
  • Light pollution is the introduction by humans, directly or indirectly, of artificial light into the environment.

In disrupting ecosystems, light pollution poses a serious threat in particular to nocturnal wildlife, having negative impacts on plant and animal physiology. It can confuse the migratory patterns of animals, alter competitive interactions of animals, change predator-prey relations, and cause physiological harm. The rhythm of life is orchestrated by the natural diurnal patterns of light and dark; so disruption to these patterns impacts the ecological dynamics.

With respect to adverse health effects, many species, especially humans, are dependent on natural body cycles called circadian rhythms and the production of melatonin, which are regulated by light and dark (e.g., day and night). If humans are exposed to light while sleeping, melatonin production can be suppressed. This can lead to sleep disorders and other health problems such as increased headaches, worker fatigue, medically defined stress, some forms of obesity due to lack of sleep and increased anxiety. And ties are being found to a couple of types of cancer. There are also effects of glare on aging eyes. Health effects are not only due to over-illumination or excessive exposure of light over time, but also improper spectral composition of light (e.g., certain colors of light).

Over illumination can constitute energy wastage, especially upward directed lighting at night. Energy wastage is also a waste in cost and carbon footprint. The good news is that light pollution can be reduced fairly easily by shielding lights properly, by only using light when and where it is needed, by only using the amount that is needed, by using energy efficient bulbs, and by using bulbs with appropriate spectral power distributions for the task at hand.
A composite satellite image of Earth at night in 1994–95.

A similar image from 2012 illustrating the growth in light pollution.

Reducing light pollution implies many things, such as reducing sky glow, reducing glare, reducing light trespass, and reducing clutter. The method for best reducing light pollution, therefore, depends on exactly what the problem is in any given instance. Possible solutions include:
·  Utilizing light sources of minimum intensity necessary to accomplish the light's purpose.
· Turning lights off using a timer or occupancy sensor or manually when not needed.
· Improving lighting fixtures, so that they direct their light more accurately towards where it is needed, and with fewer side effects.
· Adjusting the type of lights used, so that the light waves emitted are those that are less likely to cause severe light pollution problems. Mercury, metal halide and above all first generation of blue-light LED road luminaires are much more pollutant than sodium lamps: Earth atmosphere scatters and transmits blue light better than yellow or red light. It is a common experience observing "glare" and "fog" around and below LED road luminaires as soon as air humidity increases, while orange sodium lamp luminaires are less prone to show this phenomenon.
·  Evaluating existing lighting plans, and re-designing some or all of the plans depending on whether existing light is actually needed.


Sunday, April 3, 2016

S6 Environmental Engg. Lab exam Internal Marks [Practical only]

  Roll no.  Marks
1 40
2 44
3 41
4 40
5 42
6 32
7 45
8 47
9 42
10 44
11 39
12 44
13 40
14 45
15 45
16 41
17 42
18 44
19 45
20 48
21 42
22 44
23 42
24 41
25 49
26 43
27 40
28 35
29 43
30 49
31 30
32 43
33 39
34 38
35 44
36 48
37 44
38 40
39 43
40 45
41 43
42 49
43 48

Total internal marks will be published soon.